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Software developers design, write, and maintain the programs that run on computers, phones, and servers. Much of the work is reading existing code, breaking a requirement into small changes, and checking that a change behaves correctly before it reaches users.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Front-end developers build the part of a product people actually see and click. They turn designs into working interfaces, make them behave sensibly on different screens and devices, and keep them usable for people relying on assistive technology.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Back-end developers build the services, APIs, and data access layers that sit behind an application. The work centres on correctness under load: making sure requests are handled reliably, data stays consistent, and failures degrade in a controlled way.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Full-stack developers work across both the interface and the services behind it, following a feature from the screen through to the database. The breadth is the point: it suits smaller teams where one person needs to carry a change end to end.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Mobile application developers build apps for phones and tablets. Alongside writing code they deal with the constraints of the platform: limited battery and memory, patchy connectivity, permission prompts, and app store review before anything ships.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Web developers build and maintain websites and web applications, from marketing sites to logged-in tools. The role often mixes coding with content management systems, hosting, and the practical work of keeping a live site healthy.
Certificate or college diplomaInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Game developers write the code that makes a game run, covering gameplay rules, graphics, physics, input, and audio. The work is highly collaborative, sitting between designers who decide how the game should feel and artists who supply what it looks like.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Software quality assurance analysts check that software does what it is supposed to do before it reaches users. They design test cases from requirements, run them against new builds, and write up defects clearly enough for a developer to reproduce and fix.
Certificate or college diplomaInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Test automation engineers write code whose job is to test other code. They build and maintain automated test suites and the pipelines that run them, so that a broken change is caught by a machine rather than by a user.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
DevOps engineers build the machinery that gets code from a developer's machine into production safely. They automate builds, deployments, and infrastructure, and they are usually the people other teams come to when a release or environment misbehaves.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Site reliability engineers keep production systems running and treat reliability as an engineering problem rather than a manual chore. They set service level objectives, automate away repetitive operational work, and lead the response when something breaks. On-call rotations are a normal part of the role.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Cloud engineers design, build, and run systems hosted on cloud platforms. The job mixes networking, security, and automation: provisioning resources in code, controlling who can access what, and keeping an eye on how the environment is configured over time.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Solutions architects decide how a system should be put together to meet a business need, then explain that decision to both engineers and non-technical stakeholders. Much of the value is in the trade-offs: what to build, what to buy, and what constraints the design has to respect.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Systems administrators keep an organisation's servers, operating systems, and core services running. The work is a mix of planned maintenance and unplanned problem solving, and it often includes the accounts, backups, and permissions everyone else depends on.
Certificate or college diplomaInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Network administrators design, configure, and maintain the networks that connect an organisation's devices, sites, and services. When connectivity fails, they are the people who work out whether the problem is a cable, a configuration, or a provider.
Certificate or college diplomaInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Network technicians install, test, and repair the physical and logical parts of a network. Compared with an administrator the work is more hands-on and site-based: running and terminating cable, swapping hardware, and confirming links behave as expected.
Certificate or college diplomaInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
IT support technicians are the first point of contact when someone's technology stops working. They diagnose hardware, software, account, and connectivity problems, fix what they can, and hand on what they cannot with enough detail for the next team.
Certificate or college diplomaInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Database administrators look after the systems where an organisation's data lives. They handle installation, access control, backup and recovery, and performance, and they are accountable when a query slows the business down or a restore is needed.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Data analysts turn raw records into answers people can act on. A large share of the job is unglamorous: finding the right data, cleaning it, checking it against what stakeholders actually meant, and then presenting the result honestly, including its limits.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Data scientists use statistics and programming to answer questions that simple reporting cannot, such as predicting an outcome or estimating the effect of a change. They frame the problem, build and validate a model, and communicate how much confidence the result actually deserves.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Data engineers build the plumbing that moves data from where it is created to where it is analysed. They write pipelines, model warehouse tables, and put checks in place so that analysts and models are working from data that is complete and on time.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Business intelligence analysts build the reporting layer an organisation runs on. They agree what each metric means, model the underlying data, and produce dashboards that managers can read without needing an analyst in the room.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Machine learning engineers take models out of notebooks and into production systems. The role sits between data science and software engineering: building training and serving pipelines, watching for drift once a model is live, and handling the failure modes that only appear at scale.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Cybersecurity analysts protect an organisation's systems and data from attack and misuse. The work combines monitoring and investigation with prevention: assessing risks, hardening configurations, and helping other teams build with security in mind.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity