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Social workers assess what is going wrong in someone's life (safety, housing, health, income, family conflict), and build a plan and a set of services around it. Most of the job is interviewing, judgement made on incomplete information, and detailed written records that other agencies and sometimes courts rely on. Progress with a client is usually gradual and partial rather than tidy.
Bachelor's degreeCommunity, social and public services
Case managers hold a caseload of clients and keep each person's plan moving across the services they need. Rather than delivering therapy or care directly, the job is assessment, referral, chasing other agencies, and documenting what was agreed and what actually happened. Much of the day is spent on the phone, in shared systems, and in review meetings.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionCommunity, social and public services
Addictions counsellors work with people using substances or struggling with behavioural addictions, through assessment, individual sessions, and group programmes. The work follows structured approaches such as motivational interviewing and relapse-prevention planning, alongside coordination with medical, housing, and justice services. Relapse is a normal part of the caseload rather than a failure of the work.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionCommunity, social and public services
Mental health counsellors deliver talking therapy to individuals and groups, working within a recognised modality and a formal ethical framework. The role involves assessment, treatment planning, session work, and careful clinical notes, plus knowing when a client needs a psychiatrist, physician, or crisis service instead. Sitting with distress week after week is the substance of the job.
Postgraduate or professional degreeCommunity, social and public services
Employment counsellors help people find and keep work: clarifying goals, fixing résumés and interview technique, and connecting clients to training, subsidies, or employers. Many clients face barriers well beyond the job search, so the work involves referrals to other services as much as career advice. Programme eligibility rules and outcome reporting shape a large part of the role.
Certificate or college diplomaCommunity, social and public services
Vocational rehabilitation specialists help people return to work after injury, illness, or with a disability, translating medical restrictions into realistic job options and workplace accommodations. The role sits between the client, treating clinicians, employers, and often an insurer or compensation board. Reports and evidence carry weight in funding and benefit decisions, so documentation is central.
Bachelor's degreeCommunity, social and public services
Housing support workers help people find accommodation and keep it: dealing with applications, arrears, landlords, and the problems that put a tenancy at risk. Some posts are based in shelters or supported housing; others are outreach roles that visit tenants at home. Waiting lists are usually long, so a large part of the job is managing expectations honestly while chasing every option that exists.
Certificate or college diplomaCommunity, social and public services
Settlement workers help newcomers and refugees get established: documents, housing, school enrolment, health coverage, language classes, and understanding how local systems work. The role is part caseworker, part interpreter of bureaucracy, and often involves clients who have experienced displacement or trauma. Additional languages and lived migration experience are genuinely useful here.
Certificate or college diplomaCommunity, social and public services
Benefits caseworkers decide and administer income support claims, applying detailed eligibility rules to the evidence a claimant provides. The work is high-volume, rule-bound, and scrutinised: decisions can be appealed, and errors have direct consequences for people's income. Interviews are often difficult, because the answer is frequently no or not yet.
Certificate or college diplomaCommunity, social and public services
Chaplains provide spiritual and emotional care in hospitals, prisons, universities, the military, and workplaces, to people of any faith or none. Much of the work is presence at bad moments (serious diagnoses, deaths, crises) alongside rituals, memorials, and support for staff. Chaplains normally hold a faith-community endorsement while serving an institution's whole population.
Postgraduate or professional degreeCommunity, social and public services
Librarians select, organise, and make collections findable, and help people search for and evaluate information. Public library work also involves programming, digital access, and supporting community members who have nowhere else to go for help. Behind the desk sit cataloguing standards, licensing negotiations, and collection budgets.
Postgraduate or professional degreeCommunity, social and public services
Library technicians keep the library running day to day: circulation, cataloguing support, processing new items, shelving, and answering the questions that come to the desk. The work is detail-heavy and system-driven, with library management software at the centre of it. It is also public-facing, including with users who need patience and help.
Certificate or college diplomaCommunity, social and public services
Community health workers bridge health services and the communities they serve, running education sessions, screening drives, and one-to-one navigation support. They are usually recruited from the community itself, so trust and shared language are central to the role rather than clinical training. Much of the work is following up with people that the formal system loses track of.
Certificate or college diplomaCommunity, social and public services