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Solutions architects decide how a system should be put together to meet a business need, then explain that decision to both engineers and non-technical stakeholders. Much of the value is in the trade-offs: what to build, what to buy, and what constraints the design has to respect.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Business intelligence analysts build the reporting layer an organisation runs on. They agree what each metric means, model the underlying data, and produce dashboards that managers can read without needing an analyst in the room.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Penetration testers are paid to attack systems with permission, to find weaknesses before someone else does. Every engagement runs inside an agreed written scope, and the deliverable is a report that explains each finding, its impact, and how to fix it.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Information security managers own an organisation's security programme rather than any single system. They set policy, direct a security team, decide which risks are accepted or funded, and answer to leadership, auditors, and regulators for those decisions.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
Systems analysts sit between the people who need a system and the people who build it. They study how work is done now, specify what a system must do, and check that what gets delivered actually solves the original problem.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity
IT managers run the teams and services that keep an organisation's technology working. The job is mostly people, budgets, suppliers, and priorities rather than hands-on technical work, though a technical background is usually what gets someone there.
Bachelor's degreeInformation technology, data and cybersecurity