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Social workers assess what is going wrong in someone's life (safety, housing, health, income, family conflict), and build a plan and a set of services around it. Most of the job is interviewing, judgement made on incomplete information, and detailed written records that other agencies and sometimes courts rely on. Progress with a client is usually gradual and partial rather than tidy.
Bachelor's degreeCommunity, social and public services
Child protection workers investigate reports that a child may be unsafe and decide, with their agency and often a court, what has to change. The work mixes home visits and interviews with statutory paperwork, and the decisions carry legal weight for families. It is emotionally demanding, frequently confrontational, and usually involves being reachable outside office hours.
Bachelor's degreeCommunity, social and public services
Case managers hold a caseload of clients and keep each person's plan moving across the services they need. Rather than delivering therapy or care directly, the job is assessment, referral, chasing other agencies, and documenting what was agreed and what actually happened. Much of the day is spent on the phone, in shared systems, and in review meetings.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionCommunity, social and public services
Addictions counsellors work with people using substances or struggling with behavioural addictions, through assessment, individual sessions, and group programmes. The work follows structured approaches such as motivational interviewing and relapse-prevention planning, alongside coordination with medical, housing, and justice services. Relapse is a normal part of the caseload rather than a failure of the work.
Varies by employer or jurisdictionCommunity, social and public services
Mental health counsellors deliver talking therapy to individuals and groups, working within a recognised modality and a formal ethical framework. The role involves assessment, treatment planning, session work, and careful clinical notes, plus knowing when a client needs a psychiatrist, physician, or crisis service instead. Sitting with distress week after week is the substance of the job.
Postgraduate or professional degreeCommunity, social and public services
Marriage and family therapists treat relationship and family difficulties by working with the system rather than one person, often with several people in the room at once. Sessions involve managing conflict live, tracking patterns between family members, and holding neutrality when everyone wants an ally. Assessment, treatment planning, and clinical notes sit behind every session.
Postgraduate or professional degreeCommunity, social and public services
Vocational rehabilitation specialists help people return to work after injury, illness, or with a disability, translating medical restrictions into realistic job options and workplace accommodations. The role sits between the client, treating clinicians, employers, and often an insurer or compensation board. Reports and evidence carry weight in funding and benefit decisions, so documentation is central.
Bachelor's degreeCommunity, social and public services
Benefits caseworkers decide and administer income support claims, applying detailed eligibility rules to the evidence a claimant provides. The work is high-volume, rule-bound, and scrutinised: decisions can be appealed, and errors have direct consequences for people's income. Interviews are often difficult, because the answer is frequently no or not yet.
Certificate or college diplomaCommunity, social and public services
