1. verbal-reasoning-s01-q01
Maria is a member of the Riverside Hiking Club.
- True
- False
- Cannot say
Answer:
This is untimed educational practice for one cognitive skill. It is not a clinical, diagnostic, employment, or professionally recognized assessment, and it does not produce an IQ score or credential.
One hundred untimed self-check questions in ten sections, moving from everyday word meanings to demanding passage evaluation. Work only from the information given in each question. No outside knowledge is needed and there is no time limit.
Choose one answer for each item. For a delayed-recall item, read its study text, cover it, and then answer without looking back.
Using only the passage below, decide whether each statement is True, False, or Cannot say. Passage: "All members of the Riverside Hiking Club must complete a safety orientation before joining any group hike. Maria completed the safety orientation last month and has since joined two group hikes. New members who miss the monthly orientation session must wait until the next one is offered."
1. verbal-reasoning-s01-q01
Maria is a member of the Riverside Hiking Club.
Answer:
2. verbal-reasoning-s01-q02
A new member who misses the monthly orientation can never join a group hike.
Answer:
3. verbal-reasoning-s01-q03
Maria completed the safety orientation before she went on her first group hike.
Answer:
4. verbal-reasoning-s01-q04
The orientation session is offered on a recurring monthly basis.
Answer:
5. verbal-reasoning-s01-q05
Maria has joined more group hikes than any other club member this year.
Answer:
6. verbal-reasoning-s01-q06
Every hiking club requires new members to complete a safety orientation.
Answer:
7. verbal-reasoning-s01-q07
Maria became a club member before she completed the safety orientation.
Answer:
8. verbal-reasoning-s01-q08
A member may join a group hike without having completed the safety orientation.
Answer:
9. verbal-reasoning-s01-q09
The Riverside Hiking Club organises activities other than group hikes.
Answer:
10. verbal-reasoning-s01-q10
Maria completed the safety orientation last month.
Answer:
Use the clues in each sentence to work out what the quoted word most nearly means.
11. verbal-reasoning-s02-q01
In the sentence "The instructions were so lucid that nobody needed to ask questions", the word "lucid" most nearly means:
Answer:
12. verbal-reasoning-s02-q02
"Rather than open new branches, the firm decided to consolidate its existing offices into one regional centre." Here "consolidate" most nearly means:
Answer:
13. verbal-reasoning-s02-q03
"The minister's ambiguous reply left both interpretations open." "Ambiguous" most nearly means:
Answer:
14. verbal-reasoning-s02-q04
"Her tenacity impressed the coaches: she repeated the drill every evening until she mastered it." "Tenacity" most nearly means:
Answer:
15. verbal-reasoning-s02-q05
"Reviewers criticised the report for being verbose, noting that one point was repeated four times." "Verbose" most nearly means:
Answer:
16. verbal-reasoning-s02-q06
"The auditor gave only a cursory glance at the receipts before signing off." "Cursory" most nearly means:
Answer:
17. verbal-reasoning-s02-q07
"The second witness's account corroborated the first." "Corroborated" most nearly means:
Answer:
18. verbal-reasoning-s02-q08
"The researcher warned against extrapolating from a single season's data." "Extrapolating" most nearly means:
Answer:
19. verbal-reasoning-s02-q09
"Talks reached an impasse when neither side would adjust its offer." "Impasse" most nearly means:
Answer:
20. verbal-reasoning-s02-q10
"His effusive praise made some listeners doubt his sincerity." "Effusive" most nearly means:
Answer:
Work out the relationship between the first pair of words, then apply exactly the same relationship to complete or judge the second.
21. verbal-reasoning-s03-q01
Kitten is to cat as puppy is to ___.
Answer:
22. verbal-reasoning-s03-q02
Baton is to conductor as whisk is to ___.
Answer:
23. verbal-reasoning-s03-q03
Which word does not belong with the other three: oak, birch, willow, tulip?
Answer:
24. verbal-reasoning-s03-q04
Drought is to rain as famine is to ___.
Answer:
25. verbal-reasoning-s03-q05
Reticent is to talkative as frugal is to ___.
Answer:
26. verbal-reasoning-s03-q06
Sonnet is to poem as waltz is to ___.
Answer:
27. verbal-reasoning-s03-q07
Which word does not belong with the other three: cautious, wary, reckless, vigilant?
Answer:
28. verbal-reasoning-s03-q08
Archipelago is to islands as constellation is to ___.
Answer:
29. verbal-reasoning-s03-q09
Alleviate is to pain as quench is to ___.
Answer:
30. verbal-reasoning-s03-q10
Ephemeral is to permanence as opaque is to ___.
Answer:
Choose the word or pair of words that makes each sentence logically consistent from start to finish.
31. verbal-reasoning-s04-q01
The road was icy; ___, drivers were asked to reduce their speed.
Answer:
32. verbal-reasoning-s04-q02
The results looked promising at first; ___, closer analysis revealed serious flaws.
Answer:
33. verbal-reasoning-s04-q03
She speaks fluent Portuguese ___ she lived in Lisbon for ten years.
Answer:
34. verbal-reasoning-s04-q04
___ the forecast of heavy rain, the open-air concert went ahead as planned.
Answer:
35. verbal-reasoning-s04-q05
Entry to the museum is free; visitors must, ___, still book a timed ticket in advance.
Answer:
36. verbal-reasoning-s04-q06
The evidence was ___ but not ___: it pointed towards the theory without settling the question.
Answer:
37. verbal-reasoning-s04-q07
The new form was meant to simplify applications; ___, most applicants found it harder to complete than the old one.
Answer:
38. verbal-reasoning-s04-q08
Far from ___ the rumours, the director's vague statement only ___ them.
Answer:
39. verbal-reasoning-s04-q09
The committee did not reject the proposal outright; ___, it requested revisions and postponed the vote.
Answer:
40. verbal-reasoning-s04-q10
The critic conceded that the novel's prose was elegant; the plot, ___, she found entirely ___.
Answer:
Read each short passage, then choose the option that best captures its central point: not a minor detail, and not more than the passage claims.
41. verbal-reasoning-s05-q01
Passage: "Wild bees pollinate many of the crops we rely on, from apples to beans. Yet their habitats are shrinking as hedgerows are removed and wildflower meadows are ploughed. Several councils now sow roadside verges with native flowers to help." Which statement best expresses the main idea?
Answer:
42. verbal-reasoning-s05-q02
Passage: "Many public libraries now lend far more than books: seed kits, musical instruments, sewing machines and museum passes all circulate alongside novels. Librarians describe the shift as a return to their founding purpose, sharing resources a community needs but cannot each afford alone." Which statement best expresses the main idea?
Answer:
43. verbal-reasoning-s05-q03
Passage: "On summer afternoons, streets with mature trees can be several degrees cooler than bare streets nearby. Leaves shade the pavement and release moisture that cools the surrounding air. Planting programmes therefore focus first on the hottest, most exposed neighbourhoods." Which title best fits the passage?
Answer:
44. verbal-reasoning-s05-q04
Which sentence does NOT belong in this paragraph? (1) The community garden opened in April with twenty raised beds. (2) Volunteers water the plots on a shared rota. (3) The town's new car park has spaces for four hundred vehicles. (4) A harvest exchange table lets growers swap surplus produce.
Answer:
45. verbal-reasoning-s05-q05
Passage: "A two-year trial of remote work at an insurance firm found that output per employee was unchanged. However, junior staff reported receiving noticeably less informal guidance, and half said they would prefer more office days for that reason." Which statement best expresses the main point?
Answer:
46. verbal-reasoning-s05-q06
Passage: "The town's earth flood banks need regrading every decade at modest cost. A proposed concrete wall would last fifty years but cost eight times as much up front, and engineers note the banks have never yet been overtopped." Which option best summarises the passage?
Answer:
47. verbal-reasoning-s05-q07
Passage: "Rail freight produces a fraction of the emissions of road haulage per tonne carried. Yet sidings have closed, and many terminals cannot handle modern container lengths. Modest investment in loading gauge and terminal capacity would let existing lines carry far more goods." What is the author's primary purpose?
Answer:
48. verbal-reasoning-s05-q08
Passage: "In the survey, adults who kept a written budget reported lower money-related stress than those who did not. The researchers caution that budgeting may attract people who already feel in control of their finances." Which statement best reflects the passage?
Answer:
49. verbal-reasoning-s05-q09
Passage: "It is often said that goldfish remember nothing for more than a few seconds. In fact, trained goldfish have navigated mazes weeks after first learning them, and they can learn to feed at set times of day. The popular claim survives because it is repeated, not because it is supported." Which statement best expresses the main idea?
Answer:
50. verbal-reasoning-s05-q10
Passage: "Handwritten notes are slower to take than typed ones, which forces note-takers to select and rephrase rather than transcribe. Several classroom studies associate this slower, more selective style with better recall of ideas, though results vary with the subject being taught." Which statement best expresses the main idea?
Answer:
Choose only what MUST follow from the information given: a conclusion that could be false while the statements are true is not safe.
51. verbal-reasoning-s06-q01
Every ticket for Saturday's concert had sold out by Thursday evening. On Friday morning, Amir bought a ticket for one of the weekend's two concerts, Saturday's or Sunday's. What can be concluded?
Answer:
52. verbal-reasoning-s06-q02
By noon on every market day, the bakery has sold out of sourdough. It is now 3 pm and sourdough is still on the shelves. What can be concluded?
Answer:
53. verbal-reasoning-s06-q03
In a staff survey, 60% of respondents said they cycle to work at least once a week and 25% said they cycle every working day. Which statement must be true?
Answer:
54. verbal-reasoning-s06-q04
Every flat in the Hartley building has a balcony. Some flats in the Hartley building are rented. What must be true?
Answer:
55. verbal-reasoning-s06-q05
In May, the north branch processed more applications than the south branch, despite having fewer staff. Which conclusion must be true?
Answer:
56. verbal-reasoning-s06-q06
The evening seminar runs only if at least eight people register. This month's seminar ran. What can be concluded?
Answer:
57. verbal-reasoning-s06-q07
At Brindle & Co, every expense claim is approved by an employee, and no employee may approve their own claim. Dana, an employee, had her claim approved yesterday. What must be true?
Answer:
58. verbal-reasoning-s06-q08
A shop's sales rose by 10% in March and then fell by 10% in April. Compared with sales in February, April's sales were:
Answer:
59. verbal-reasoning-s06-q09
Most of the choir's members are sopranos, and every soprano in the choir sang at Friday's concert. Which statement must be true?
Answer:
60. verbal-reasoning-s06-q10
Whenever the harbour bridge is closed, the shuttle bus runs. The shuttle bus never runs on Sundays. What can be concluded?
Answer:
Find the unstated premise each argument needs: the claim that, if false, would make the conclusion collapse.
61. verbal-reasoning-s07-q01
"Our café should open at 7 am, because hundreds of commuters walk past to catch the 7:30 train." The argument depends on which assumption?
Answer:
62. verbal-reasoning-s07-q02
"This detergent removed the grass stain in the demonstration, so it will remove the ink stain on my shirt." Which assumption does the argument rely on?
Answer:
63. verbal-reasoning-s07-q03
"Attendance fell after we raised ticket prices, so cutting prices will restore attendance." The argument assumes that:
Answer:
64. verbal-reasoning-s07-q04
"Riya achieved the highest score on the entrance test, so she will perform better on the course than the other entrants." Which assumption is required?
Answer:
65. verbal-reasoning-s07-q05
"Volunteers counted more birds in the reserve this spring than last spring, so the bird population must have grown." The argument depends on assuming that:
Answer:
66. verbal-reasoning-s07-q06
"Replacing our office bulbs with LEDs will cut the electricity bill." Which assumption does the plan rely on?
Answer:
67. verbal-reasoning-s07-q07
"No complaints were filed last month, so our customers must be satisfied." The conclusion depends on which assumption?
Answer:
68. verbal-reasoning-s07-q08
"The fossil lay in a rock layer dated to sixty million years ago, so the animal lived sixty million years ago." Which assumption is required?
Answer:
69. verbal-reasoning-s07-q09
"We invited the scheme's five most prominent critics and answered every objection they raised, so the scheme has no serious weaknesses." The argument assumes that:
Answer:
70. verbal-reasoning-s07-q10
"Staff turnover at Corville Ltd is below the industry average, so its staff must be more satisfied than staff at rival firms." The argument depends on assuming that:
Answer:
Judge what each new fact would do to the argument. Look for alternative causes, unrepresentative samples, and missing comparisons.
71. verbal-reasoning-s08-q01
Councillors claim the new bypass caused the recent fall in town-centre traffic. Which finding, if true, most weakens this claim?
Answer:
72. verbal-reasoning-s08-q02
A charity argues that a free school-breakfast programme will raise test scores, because pupils who eat breakfast score higher. Which finding most strengthens the argument?
Answer:
73. verbal-reasoning-s08-q03
"People who own bicycles visit the doctor less often, so cycling improves health." Which statement most weakens this argument?
Answer:
74. verbal-reasoning-s08-q04
A website's sales rose sharply in the month after its redesign, and the designers conclude the redesign caused the rise. Which fact most strengthens their conclusion?
Answer:
75. verbal-reasoning-s08-q05
"An online poll on a local gardening forum found 80% of respondents opposed the new parking charges, so the town's residents oppose the charges." Which fact most weakens this conclusion?
Answer:
76. verbal-reasoning-s08-q06
"To cut waiting times, the clinic will add a second reception desk." Which finding most weakens the plan?
Answer:
77. verbal-reasoning-s08-q07
"A composting scheme succeeded in Elmford, so a similar scheme will succeed in Dartmoor Vale." Which fact most strengthens the argument?
Answer:
78. verbal-reasoning-s08-q08
"The cycle-helmet campaign worked: hospital admissions for cyclist head injuries fell 30% in the two years after it began." Which fact most weakens this argument?
Answer:
79. verbal-reasoning-s08-q09
"Watering tomato plants with diluted seaweed feed makes them more productive." Which additional finding would most strengthen this claim?
Answer:
80. verbal-reasoning-s08-q10
"Nine of the last ten winners of the regional business award used the consultancy BrightPath, so hiring BrightPath improves a firm's chances of winning." Which fact most weakens this argument?
Answer:
Each argument contains one characteristic error of reasoning. Identify the description that names it.
81. verbal-reasoning-s09-q01
"You can trust the witness's account, because she is a truthful person, and we know she is truthful because her account is accurate." What is the flaw?
Answer:
82. verbal-reasoning-s09-q02
"The air-quality report can be ignored: its lead author once worked for a car manufacturer." What is the flaw?
Answer:
83. verbal-reasoning-s09-q03
"Either we cut the arts budget, or the library will have to close. Nobody wants the library to close, so the arts budget must be cut." What is the flaw?
Answer:
84. verbal-reasoning-s09-q04
"It snowed twice this April, so claims that the region's climate is warming must be wrong." What is the flaw?
Answer:
85. verbal-reasoning-s09-q05
"The average household in the town owns 1.8 cars. The Patels are a household in the town, so they must own about two cars." What is the flaw?
Answer:
86. verbal-reasoning-s09-q06
"In a large survey, 90% of respondents said they believed the old theatre was haunted. So many people can't be wrong. The theatre must be haunted." What is the flaw?
Answer:
87. verbal-reasoning-s09-q07
"I wore my green scarf to the last two matches and we won both, so the scarf is helping the team win." What is the flaw?
Answer:
88. verbal-reasoning-s09-q08
"Every singer in the choir has an excellent voice, so the choir as a whole must sound excellent." What is the flaw?
Answer:
89. verbal-reasoning-s09-q09
A councillor proposes lowering the speed limit outside schools at drop-off times. An opponent replies: "Banning all cars from our roads is unworkable and extreme." What is the flaw in the reply?
Answer:
90. verbal-reasoning-s09-q10
"Reported sightings of the rare orchid doubled this year, so the orchid population is booming." In fact, sightings rose from two to four after a new footpath opened through the reserve. What is the flaw?
Answer:
These dense passages mix rules, figures, and hedged claims. Choose only the statement the passage genuinely supports.
91. verbal-reasoning-s10-q01
Passage: "The Halloway grant may fund equipment or travel, but never both in the same award year. Last year the archaeology department used its Halloway grant entirely for travel. Departments may apply in consecutive years, though first-time applicants are given priority." Which statement must be true?
Answer:
92. verbal-reasoning-s10-q02
Passage: "Of the 200 survey responses, 120 came from current subscribers, 90 of whom rated the app favourably. Overall, 130 of the 200 respondents rated the app favourably." Which statement must be true?
Answer:
93. verbal-reasoning-s10-q03
Passage: "The evaluation concluded that the tutoring scheme was cost-effective in rural schools. For urban schools, the data collected was too sparse to support any conclusion either way." Which statement is best supported?
Answer:
94. verbal-reasoning-s10-q04
Passage: "Applications that arrive without a reference letter are returned unread. Every application the panel reads receives a written score. Tom's application received no written score." Which conclusion follows?
Answer:
95. verbal-reasoning-s10-q05
Passage: "Over five years, Brand K's share of the torch market grew from 8% to 12%, while total torch sales across the market halved." Which statement must be true?
Answer:
96. verbal-reasoning-s10-q06
Passage: "The planning committee approved the design 'in principle', while deferring every budget decision to the finance board, which next meets in March." Which statement is best supported?
Answer:
97. verbal-reasoning-s10-q07
Passage: "None of the interns who joined in June had used the archive software before joining. By the end of August, every intern in the office could complete a standard retrieval unaided. No training sessions ran in July." Which statement must be true?
Answer:
98. verbal-reasoning-s10-q08
Passage: "Of the forty exhibits in the current show, twenty-five are on loan and fifteen belong to the museum. Most of the loaned exhibits are ceramics; none of the museum's own exhibits in the show are ceramics." Which statement must be true?
Answer:
99. verbal-reasoning-s10-q09
Passage: "Critics of the reserve's licensing system say it deters volunteers. The warden's records, such as they are, show volunteer numbers holding steady since licensing began, though the records omit anyone who enquired but never applied." Which statement is best supported?
Answer:
100. verbal-reasoning-s10-q10
Passage: "Standard refunds are paid to the original payment card within five working days. Where the original card has expired, the refund is instead paid by bank transfer, which can take up to ten working days. Neha's refund was paid by bank transfer." Which conclusion can properly be drawn?
Answer:
This cognitive practice source does not publish authored hints. Every item is listed as missing a hint, and no hint text is generated or inferred.
100 worksheet items do not have an authored hint.
This source contains no authored hints. No hint text was generated.
| Item | Choice | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q01 | TRUE | True |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q02 | FALSE | False |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q03 | TRUE | True |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q04 | TRUE | True |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q05 | CANNOT-SAY | Cannot say |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q06 | CANNOT-SAY | Cannot say |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q07 | CANNOT-SAY | Cannot say |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q08 | FALSE | False |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q09 | CANNOT-SAY | Cannot say |
| verbal-reasoning-s01-q10 | TRUE | True |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q01 | B | clear |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q02 | C | combine |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q03 | A | open to more than one meaning |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q04 | D | determined persistence |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q05 | B | using more words than needed |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q06 | A | quick and superficial |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q07 | D | supported |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q08 | C | extending conclusions beyond the evidence |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q09 | A | deadlock |
| verbal-reasoning-s02-q10 | D | unrestrained and gushing |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q01 | C | dog |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q02 | B | chef |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q03 | D | tulip |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q04 | A | food |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q05 | D | extravagant |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q06 | B | dance |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q07 | C | reckless |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q08 | A | stars |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q09 | B | thirst |
| verbal-reasoning-s03-q10 | C | transparency |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q01 | A | consequently |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q02 | C | however |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q03 | B | because |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q04 | D | Despite |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q05 | C | however |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q06 | A | suggestive … conclusive |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q07 | D | in practice |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q08 | B | dispelling … fuelled |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q09 | D | instead |
| verbal-reasoning-s04-q10 | B | by contrast … implausible |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q01 | D | Wild bees matter for food crops, and some councils are acting to protect their shrinking habitats. |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q02 | A | Libraries have broadened their lending to serve wider community needs. |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q03 | C | How Urban Trees Cool Their Streets |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q04 | B | Sentence 3 |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q05 | A | Remote work maintained productivity but weakened informal mentoring for junior staff. |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q06 | D | The town must weigh cheap, recurring maintenance of proven banks against a costly, longer-lasting wall. |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q07 | B | To argue that targeted investment could shift more freight to rail. |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q08 | C | The survey found an association between budgeting and lower reported stress, but the cause is uncertain. |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q09 | D | The common belief that goldfish have only momentary memories is contradicted by the evidence. |
| verbal-reasoning-s05-q10 | A | The slowness of handwriting forces selection, which several studies link, with some variation, to better recall of ideas. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q01 | B | Amir's ticket is for Sunday's concert. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q02 | D | Today is not a market day. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q03 | A | Some respondents cycle at least weekly but not every working day. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q04 | C | Some rented flats have balconies. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q05 | B | The north branch processed more applications per staff member than the south branch. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q06 | D | At least eight people registered. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q07 | C | An employee other than Dana approved her claim. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q08 | A | slightly lower |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q09 | D | Most of the choir's members sang at Friday's concert. |
| verbal-reasoning-s06-q10 | C | The harbour bridge is never closed on a Sunday. |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q01 | C | Some of those commuters would buy something if the café were open at 7 am. |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q02 | A | A detergent that removes grass stains will work similarly on ink stains. |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q03 | D | the price rise, rather than another factor, caused the fall in attendance |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q04 | B | Performance on the entrance test predicts performance on the course. |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q05 | A | the counting effort and conditions were broadly comparable across the two springs |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q06 | C | The LEDs will use less electricity than the current bulbs for the same lighting. |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q07 | B | Dissatisfied customers would actually file complaints. |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q08 | D | The fossil had not shifted from the layer in which it was originally buried. |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q09 | C | the objections raised by those critics cover every serious weakness the scheme might have |
| verbal-reasoning-s07-q10 | B | differences in turnover mainly reflect differences in satisfaction |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q01 | D | The town's largest employer, based in the centre, closed in the same month the bypass opened. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q02 | B | In schools that piloted the programme, scores rose while scores at similar schools without it stayed flat. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q03 | A | People who are already healthy are more likely to buy bicycles in the first place. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q04 | C | No prices, products or advertising changed during that month. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q05 | D | The forum's members are a small, self-selected group who are not representative of the town's residents. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q06 | A | Waiting times are driven by a shortage of consulting rooms, not by queues at reception. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q07 | B | The two areas have similar housing, population density and collection services. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q08 | D | The total amount of cycling fell by roughly 40% over the same two years. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q09 | C | In a controlled trial, yields rose steadily as the feed dose increased, with untreated plants yielding least. |
| verbal-reasoning-s08-q10 | A | BrightPath accepts as clients only firms that already meet most of the award's criteria. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q01 | B | It argues in a circle, using the conclusion to support itself. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q02 | D | It attacks the author's background instead of engaging with the report's evidence. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q03 | C | It treats two options as the only possibilities when others may exist. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q04 | A | It treats a brief local observation as if it could overturn a long-term trend. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q05 | C | It applies a group average directly to an individual case. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q06 | B | It treats popular belief as if it established fact. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q07 | A | It assumes that because one thing preceded another, it caused it. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q08 | D | It assumes that what is true of each part must be true of the whole. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q09 | B | It misrepresents the proposal as a more extreme position and attacks that instead. |
| verbal-reasoning-s09-q10 | D | It treats a large relative rise in very small, observation-dependent numbers as proof of a real population change. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q01 | A | Last year, the archaeology department's Halloway grant funded no equipment. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q02 | C | Exactly half of the non-subscriber respondents rated the app favourably. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q03 | D | The evaluation reached no verdict on the scheme's cost-effectiveness in urban schools. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q04 | B | The panel did not read Tom's application. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q05 | D | Brand K sold fewer torches at the end of the period than at the start. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q06 | A | At the time of the committee's approval, no budget for the design had been agreed. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q07 | C | At least some interns learned to use the software after joining. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q08 | B | More than a quarter of the exhibits in the show are ceramics. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q09 | A | The available records do not show the fall in volunteers that critics allege, but they cannot capture people deterred before applying. |
| verbal-reasoning-s10-q10 | C | Neha's refund may have taken longer than five working days to arrive. |
Only members may join group hikes per the passage's rule, and Maria has joined two, so she must be a member.
The passage says a member who misses the session "must wait until the next one is offered". Not that they can never join.
The passage says she completed orientation and "has since" joined two hikes, meaning the hikes came after.
The passage directly refers to "the monthly orientation session."
The passage never compares Maria's hike count with any other member's.
The passage only describes this specific club's rule; it says nothing about other hiking clubs.
The rule requires orientation before joining a hike, not before joining the club, and the passage never says when Maria became a member.
The passage states that all members must complete the orientation before joining any group hike, which rules this out directly.
The passage mentions only orientations and group hikes; it neither confirms nor denies that other activities exist.
This is stated word for word in the passage, so no inference is needed. A reminder to check for direct statements first.
The clue is the result: nobody needed to ask questions, which fits instructions that were easy to understand.
The phrase "into one regional centre" shows several offices being merged together rather than closed or improved.
The sentence itself defines the word: a reply that "left both interpretations open" can be read in more than one way.
The evidence given is repeated effort over time until success: persistence, not talent or strength.
The supporting detail is repetition, which points to wordiness rather than errors or difficulty.
The word "only" signals that the glance fell short of a proper check. It was brief and shallow.
To corroborate is to back up or confirm another account: agreement in substance, not necessarily identical wording.
The warning concerns stretching what one season's data can show onto periods it did not cover.
Neither side moving means progress has stopped entirely: a standstill, not a breakthrough or a deal.
Praise that raises doubts about sincerity is over-the-top praise, poured out without restraint.
The first word names the young of the animal named by the second, so the pattern needs the adult animal.
The relationship is tool to the person who uses it, so the answer must be the whisk's user, not a place or another tool.
Three of the words name trees; a tulip is a flowering plant, so it breaks the shared category.
A drought is a prolonged shortage of rain, so the parallel is the thing famine is a shortage of. Hunger is the result of the shortage, not the missing thing itself.
The first pair are opposites, and the opposite of restrained spending is lavish, wasteful spending: generosity concerns giving to others, which is a different axis.
A sonnet is a specific type of poem, so the pattern needs the general category of which a waltz is a specific type.
Three of the words describe careful watchfulness; the remaining word describes the opposite, a disregard for risk.
An archipelago is a named group of islands, so the pattern needs the things a constellation is a named group of.
The verb relieves the unpleasant state that follows it: alleviating eases pain, and quenching satisfies thirst. Water is the means, not the state relieved.
Something ephemeral lacks permanence, so the pattern needs the quality that something opaque lacks, the ability to be seen through.
The second clause is a direct result of the first, so the sentence needs a cause-and-effect connective, not a contrast.
"At first" signals that the second clause reverses the initial impression, which calls for a contrast connective.
Living in Lisbon explains the fluency, so the connective must introduce a reason rather than a concession or condition.
Going ahead runs against what a forecast of heavy rain would suggest, so the sentence needs a connective of concession.
The booking requirement qualifies the expectation set by "free", so a contrast word fits. The requirement is not an example or a consequence of free entry.
The colon explains the blanks: "pointed towards" matches evidence that hints, and "without settling" rules out evidence that proves.
The sentence contrasts the form's intention with what actually happened, so the connective must introduce the real-world outcome.
"Far from" sets up an opposite outcome: the statement failed to put the rumours to rest and instead made them stronger, a vague statement naturally feeds speculation.
The second clause describes what the committee did in place of rejecting the proposal, so the connective must signal a substituted action.
"Conceded" signals a critic granting one good point before turning negative, so the second judgement must oppose the first.
A good main-idea statement covers the whole passage: the bees' importance, the habitat problem, and the response, not a single detail or an overstated fix.
The passage's examples all illustrate one central claim about expanded lending; the framing calls this a return to, not a departure from, the founding purpose.
A good title names the passage's actual subject, the cooling effect of street trees and how it works, at the right level of breadth.
Three sentences describe the community garden and how it runs; the car park sentence introduces an unrelated topic.
The passage balances two findings joined by "however", steady output and a mentoring cost, so the main point must include both.
The passage presents a trade-off without deciding it, so a faithful summary states both sides rather than picking a winner or inventing failures.
The structure (an advantage, an obstacle, then a proposed remedy) builds a case for action, which reveals a persuasive rather than purely descriptive purpose.
The researchers' caution deliberately stops short of a causal claim, so a faithful reading preserves that hedge instead of upgrading it to proof.
The passage opens with a popular belief and spends the rest refuting it. "In fact" marks where the author's real point begins.
The main idea links the mechanism (slowness forces selection) to the finding (better recall) while keeping the passage's stated caveat about variation.
Saturday tickets were all gone before Friday, so a Friday purchase from the two weekend options can only have been for Sunday.
If today were a market day, the sourdough would have been gone by noon; it is still there at 3 pm, so the rule's condition cannot hold.
Everyone who cycles daily also cycles at least weekly, so the gap between 60% and 25% must cycle weekly but not daily; the remaining 40% might still cycle occasionally.
The rented flats in the building are still flats in the building, so each of them must have a balcony. 'Some' rented flats with balconies is guaranteed.
A larger total divided among fewer people always gives a higher per-person figure; explanations for why, and predictions about June, go beyond the evidence.
The seminar running guarantees its necessary condition was met, a minimum of eight registrations, but tells us nothing about the exact number beyond that.
An employee approved the claim, and Dana is barred from approving her own, so the approver must be some other employee, though not necessarily her manager.
The 10% fall applies to the larger March figure, so it removes more than the rise added: 110% of February reduced by a tenth leaves 99% of February.
The sopranos alone are more than half the choir, and all of them sang, so more than half the choir sang, whatever the other members did.
If the bridge were ever closed on a Sunday, the bus would have to run that day, which never happens, so a Sunday closure is impossible.
People walking past only helps the café if some would actually stop and buy; deny that, and the footfall is irrelevant to the conclusion.
The argument transfers success from one stain type to another, which only works if the two cases are relevantly similar.
Reversing a cause only reverses an effect if it really was the cause; if something else drove people away, cutting prices fixes nothing.
The leap from test score to course performance needs a bridge: the test must actually measure something the course rewards.
A higher count only signals more birds if the way of counting stayed the same; more volunteers or better weather could raise the count without any population change.
The saving comes entirely from lower consumption for the same output; purchase price and future tariffs affect other sums, not this conclusion.
Silence only proves satisfaction if unhappy customers would speak up; if they simply leave without complaining, the absence of complaints shows nothing.
The layer's age only transfers to the animal if the fossil stayed where it was first deposited; movement between layers would break the link.
Answering the objections that were raised proves nothing about weaknesses nobody raised; the conclusion needs the critics' list to be exhaustive.
Turnover can be held down by contracts, a weak job market, or location; the argument works only if satisfaction is the main driver of the difference.
A major employer closing offers a rival explanation for the fall in traffic, so the bypass can no longer take sole credit.
A pilot with a comparison group turns a mere association into evidence that the programme itself produces the improvement.
If health leads to bicycle ownership rather than the other way round, the association exists without cycling improving anyone's health. The causal arrow is reversed.
Ruling out the other plausible causes of a sales rise leaves the redesign as the best remaining explanation.
The conclusion generalises from the sample to the whole town, so showing the sample is unrepresentative cuts the argument at its root.
A plan fails if it targets the wrong bottleneck: more reception capacity cannot shorten waits caused elsewhere in the system.
An argument from analogy is only as strong as the relevant similarities between the two cases, so evidence of those similarities directly supports it.
If cycling itself fell more than the injuries did, the drop in admissions may reflect fewer cyclists rather than safer ones.
A controlled comparison showing more feed produces more yield, a dose-response pattern, is strong evidence that the feed itself is doing the work.
If the consultancy selects clients who were already likely to win, the winners' record reflects that selection rather than anything the consultancy adds.
The account's accuracy is used to prove the truthfulness that was supposed to prove the account's accuracy, the reasoning loops back on itself.
A report stands or falls on its data and methods; the author's employment history may motivate scrutiny but cannot by itself refute the findings.
The argument's force depends on there being exactly two options; if other savings or revenue sources exist, the forced choice is an illusion.
A long-term trend is a pattern across many years and places, so two cold days are far too small a sample to refute it.
An average summarises a whole group; any single household may own zero cars or four, so the figure cannot be read off onto one family.
How many people believe a claim is evidence about opinion, not about the world; widespread belief has often accompanied false claims.
Sequence is not causation: the scarf preceded the wins, but nothing links it to the outcome beyond coincidence.
Qualities of individual members do not automatically combine: excellent voices can still blend poorly, so the whole needs separate evidence.
The reply swaps a modest, targeted proposal for a sweeping ban nobody suggested, then refutes the invented version rather than the real one.
Doubling sounds dramatic, but two extra sightings, with more people now walking past, is easily explained by increased observation rather than more orchids.
The grant funds one category per year and last year's went entirely to travel, so equipment funding from that grant is excluded; priority for first-timers affects odds, not certainties.
Subtracting the 90 favourable subscribers from 130 favourable responses leaves 40 favourable non-subscribers out of the 80 who responded, exactly half.
Absence of evidence is not evidence of failure: sparse data means the urban question stayed open, not that the answer was negative.
Every read application gets a score, so no score means no reading; but the passage gives only one stated reason applications go unread, not the only possible one, so the missing-reference conclusion overreaches.
A larger slice of a much smaller pie can still be less: 12% of half the market equals 6% of the original market, which is below the starting 8%.
Deferring every budget decision to a board that has not yet met entails that no budget was settled when the committee approved the design; what the board will decide remains open.
The June joiners started with no experience and later managed retrievals unaided, so they at least must have learned after joining, how they learned is not settled by the passage.
"Most" of twenty-five means at least thirteen ceramics, and thirteen of forty already exceeds a quarter; the exact count, and what the museum owns outside the show, are not fixed.
The hedges matter: "such as they are" and the noted omission mean the records count against the critics without refuting them, since deterred enquirers would never appear in the data.
The transfer route allows up to ten working days, so a wait beyond five is possible; concluding that her card had expired reads the rule backwards: expiry guarantees a transfer, but the passage never says a transfer happens only after expiry.